The former player: 'I hoped to carry on my rugby career'
Warning: This article includes details of racially offensive language and conduct
Ex-England centre Luther Burrell states that going public to expose racism in rugby union led his professional journey to an premature end.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, displaying digital communications and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been subject to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and out of contract, Burrell's only professional rugby since has been three appearances with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I have absolutely had to end my career because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I really wanted to carry on competing, of course I did. I sought that, and it collapsed when news came out that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply accept the fate and accept that this whole situation is a lot bigger than me."
A sports organization report in 2023 found Burrell's claims were accurate "on the balance of probability", but stated it could not collect sufficient evidence to categorically say they occurred at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell played in all of England's international games in 2014-15, but was controversially excluded for their team for the 2015 World Cup
Burrell revealed to journalists he also faced prejudice within the England team environment, during a international career that saw him earn 15 appearances after his debut in 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within England camp," he stated.
"Some discrimination and other just old-school mentality that's really unacceptable."
Racism had become normalised in dressing rooms, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been disguised as humour and that's been the problem that I've myself experienced and seen," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican descent.
"Over a period of time you just begin to believe that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not harmful, but that's nonsense."
Burrell explains he was finally spurred to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "slave" and instructed him to put sun cream on his wrists and ankles "where chains would be placed."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "a deeper look at the environment within the professional level and to the implementation of an strategy for the elite level."
"The organization has given considerable focus on diversity and inclusion in rugby union and a substantial amount of work completed both before and since Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his encounters of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"We are continuing work with clubs and partners in the elite level to work for a environment of acceptance but acknowledge this takes time and is an ongoing process."
Every Premiership and PWR club now has face-to-face training on creating welcoming environments, with its success monitored via specific documentation and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "active bystanders" to intervene and defend others from harmful behaviour.
"You should be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce told him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"I know it has had this impact on you and ended your playing days, but in our view, you have done so much. We are so impressed of you and to have you as a son."
Burrell's dad Geoff passed away soon after the production of the film, and his sibling passed away earlier this year.
Burrell, who grew up on a social housing in Huddersfield, continues his work to make the sport more open.
His 12 Foundation aims to reach children in disadvantaged communities and help them thrive on and off the field with complimentary sports training, guidance and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are pure, I want to see the evolution of the sport and if others is willing to tell their experience then I'll continue to fight that fight because I'm not just doing this for my own benefit," he explained.
"We have an obligation to make the sport as excellent as it can be and the longer I speak about it hopefully the more comfortable others will become about sharing their personal experiences as well.
"I grab the bull by the opportunity and keep bearing this banner and keep supporting this weight and do what I can to develop possibilities and make the sport more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of underprivileged children and a lot of economic hardship and I sincerely think that the sport has the potential to change their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a return to former club Northampton in November 2022